Sabtu, 08 Oktober 2016

Psychiatry

Psychiatry
By:"Professor Janis Cutler"
Published on 2014-05-05 by Oxford University Press

Fully updated for DSM-5 and designed specifically for medical students, as well as other trainees in the heath professions, Psychiatry 3e is a dynamic introductory textbook in psychiatry. Ideally suited for first and second year medical students during their psychopathology course and third year medical students during their psychiatry clerkship, the material is presented in a clear, concise, and practical manner perfect for exam preparation. The authors provide a thorough yet concise introduction to clinical psychiatry, focusing on basic clinical skills like recognition and assessment of psychiatric illness. Clinically relevant information is emphasized, including practical interviewing techniques. Psychiatry 3e also uses case studies, DSM-5 guidelines, and extensive tables offset from the text to act as a comprehensive yet concise guide for the busy medical student studying for exams. In response to DSM-5, the third edition has been reorganised and fully updated to include the new disorders and classification of psychiatric illness.

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The Bestseller Code: Anatomy of the Blockbuster Novel

The Bestseller Code: Anatomy of the Blockbuster Novel
This is a fascinating but ultimately futile use of multi-variate analysis to search for common characteristics in best sellers. The authors are aware of the limitations of their method, and point them out, but they still do fall into them.

Essentially, a multi-variate text mining algorithm looks through thousands of books and extracts features which are characteristic of best selling books, as well as features which tend not to characterise them. The authors do not claim this predicts good books, just popular ones. On some books it does well: against all reason and good sense, Fifty Shades of Grey and The Da Vinci Code were among the very big best-sellers, and this book shows what features they have in common with other best sellers, in terms of story arcs, thematic balance and language, which are not usually shared by books in their genre. On the other hand, Harry Potter should not be a best-seller based on their model (as they admit), nor should the works of Tolkien or anything else which is science-fiction or fantasy related.

If you look at the top ten bestsellers of all time (using the Wikipedia list, for example, but it isn't that different from other lists I've seen), the books which have made it really big tend not to be the kind of books this model recommends, featuring fantasy (Lord of the Rings, Harry Potter, Hobbit, Lion, Witch & Wardrobe, She, The Little Prince), non-domestic situations (And Then There Were None, Tale of Two Cities) and non-topicality.

The problem with multi-variate analysis—as the authors admit—is that you tend to find what you are looking for. What this book doesn't do, and, again, the authors admit this, is find the causal link which produces bestsellers. In reality, it is as likely to be an artefact of the book acquisitions process. Editors and agents look for certain features, and they only allow books with those features to get through the sieve. Harry Potter got through by the skin of its teeth on the back of extraordinary persistence by its author, which would tend to explain why it is an outlier. Once through the sieve (and a lot of what this book detects is that sieve), it's natural that books which lack particular flaws will do better than the more flawed books.

If you're interested in computational linguistics, this is a nice book to browse through. If you want the secret to your bestseller, it isn't here.

Influence: The Psychology of Persuasion

Influence: The Psychology of Persuasion
I bought this book for two reasons - one to make myself more alert to sales techniques, and two to see if there are any useful insights to glean that could be applied to other areas of life.

On both counts the book delivers. Having recently been pitched to at work by a media tracking agency and nearly taken the bait (didn't in the end) I immediately recognised the use of reciprocity and scarcity to try and harry me into signing up. That alone was worth buying the book for, and I will definitely use that insight in future.

In addition, the chapter on consistency is also very useful. I've been involved in trying (and failing) to get people behind certain campaigns in the past. As such the discussion about getting people to make small commitments to establish a self image which they then feel the need to act consistently with both rang true on a personal level, and seems like something worth trying out in future.

So why only three stars? For one I did not find elements of the book convincing. The section dealing with newspaper coverage of suicides is the bit that really troubles me. Some of the data seems both to be limited and have been interpreted quite loosely. I would need a lot more convincing that the stats are being interpreted reasonably, it looks far too rough and ready. Given that this book is really about behavioural biases surely it should be extra careful about interpretaion of data as this is something we humans tend to be very bad at, always looking for patterns that aren't there and so on. That then leads me to query the hypothesis built on top of the data and to be honest I find myself not buying it. That also makes me query whether other chapters suffer from similar flaws.

Secondly, the book isn't actually that useful once you get your head around the key techniques because, as a previous reviewer says, simply having the knowledge that you have biases doesn't make them go away. To be really useful the book should have spent as much time reinforcing ways to resist the influence of biases as it does explaining what they are.

That said it is very readable, and I got what I wanted from it, but it could have been better.

Jumat, 07 Oktober 2016

The Philosophy of Psychiatry

The Philosophy of Psychiatry
By:"Jennifer Radden"
Published on 2004-06-10 by Oxford University Press

This is a comprehensive resource of original essays by leading thinkers exploring the newly emerging inter-disciplinary field of the philosophy of psychiatry. The contributors aim to define this exciting field and to highlight the philosophical assumptions and issues that underlie psychiatric theory and practice, the category of mental disorder, and rationales for its social, clinical and legal treatment. As a branch of medicine and a healing practice, psychiatry relies on presuppositions that are deeply and unavoidably philosophical. Conceptions of rationality, personhood and autonomy frame our understanding and treatment of mental disorder. Philosophical questions of evidence, reality, truth, science, and values give meaning to each of the social institutions and practices concerned with mental health care. The psyche, the mind and its relation to the body, subjectivity and consciousness, personal identity and character, thought, will, memory, and emotions are equally the stuff of traditional philosophical inquiry and of the psychiatric enterprise. A new research field--the philosophy of psychiatry--began to form during the last two decades of the twentieth century. Prompted by a growing recognition that philosophical ideas underlie many aspects of clinical practice, psychiatric theorizing and research, mental health policy, and the economics and politics of mental health care, academic philosophers, practitioners, and philosophically trained psychiatrists have begun a series of vital, cross-disciplinary exchanges. This volume provides a sampling of the research yield of those exchanges. Leading thinkers in this area, including clinicians, philosophers, psychologists, and interdisciplinary teams, provide original discussions that are not only expository and critical, but also a reflection of their authors' distinctive and often powerful and imaginative viewpoints and theories. All the discussions break new theoretical ground. As befits such an interdisciplinary effort, they are methodologically eclectic, and varied and divergent in their assumptions and conclusions; together, they comprise a significant new exploration, definition, and mapping of the philosophical aspects of psychiatric theory and practice.

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Self-Esteem and Positive Psychology, 4th Edition

Self-Esteem and Positive Psychology, 4th Edition
By:"Christopher J. J. Mruk, PhD"
Published on 2013-03-28 by Springer Publishing Company

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CISG Methodology

CISG Methodology
By:"Andre Janssen","Olaf Meyer"
Published on 2009 by sellier. european law publ.

The Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (CISG) is now being applied extensively both by international arbitral tribunals and by domestic courts of its more than 70 Member States. But do they also apply it in the same manner? Although Article 7 of the CISG underscores \

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Rabu, 05 Oktober 2016

The Psychology of Survivor

The Psychology of Survivor
By:"Richard J. Gerrig"
Published on 2013-08-21 by BenBella Books, Inc.

A decade into the 21st century and many trends have already come and gone, but America can’t seem to turn off or get enough of reality television. Many fans and critics alike consider “Survivor” to be the first (and the best) reality program out there. From its debut in the summer of 2000 to the eagerly anticipated and controversial 13th season coming in the fall of 2006, millions tune in each week, and the appeal doesn’t seem to be fading. Psychology of Survivor is out to answer a few questions. From situational ethics to tribal loyalties, from stress and body image to loneliness and family structures, Psychology of Survivor is a broad look at cutting-edge psychological issues view through the lens of “Survivor.” Even more, Psychology of Survivor provides psychological insights into the dynamics of “Survivor,” explaining why macho alpha males rarely win, keys to getting your fellow survivors to like you, and the dreaded Rob Cestaries Factor. The third book in BenBella Book’s Psychology of Popular Culture series is accessible yet interesting, smart yet entertaining, Psychology of Survivor will appeal to millions of “Survivor” fans and psychology enthusiasts alike.

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